Alfie is a 1966 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lewis Gilbert and starring Michael Caine. It is an adaptation by Bill Naughton of his own novel and.

Why Tropical Storm Harvey Is Showing Texas No Mercy. Right now, Houston is in the midst of a catastrophic flood disaster as tropical storm Harvey, which made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane on the central Texas coastline Friday night, continues to unleash torrents over the Houston/Galveston metropolitan area. Harvey is expected to drop an additional 1. Houston,” and could lead to some of the highest rainfall totals the nation has ever seen. Just one day after Hurricane Harvey made landfall in southeastern Texas, historic flooding…Read more Read.

Tropical storms get their fuel from warm, wet air evaporating off the ocean. After making landfall, they tend to dissipate quickly, losing energy and organization as they blow across cooler, drier, inland air masses. What makes Harvey both incredibly dangerous and highly unusual is that it has barely budged over the last few days, channelling nonstop belts of rainfall from sea to land.

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There is virtually no precedent for such a slow- moving system maintaining at least tropical storm strength along the Texas coast for five days,” meteorologists Jeff Masters and Bob Henson wrote yesterday on their weather and climate science blog, Category 6. So, why won’t Harvey leave Texas alone?“The problem with Harvey is that it is trapped,” Phil Klotzbach, atmospheric scientist and tropical storm expert at Colorado State University, told Gizmodo in an email. Harvey’s unusual trajectory (or lack thereof) stems from the fact that it’s stuck between two areas of strong upper- level high pressure, one in the western US, and another centered around the southeast.

Hurricanes effectively move as pebbles in a stream, that is, they are steered by large- scale weather patterns,” Klotzbach said. The combination of these high pressure areas means that the storm is currently stationary.”A tropical storm stalling out due to weak steering currents isn’t so unusual in itself, but the additional circumstances surrounding Harvey have created a nightmare scenario for coastal residents. What makes this exceptional is that (a) it’s a former Category 4 hurricane, (b) it’s located very near a U. S. coastline, and (c) the upper- level pattern is going to be very persistent, which means the stall could last for days,” Henson explained via email. Harvey is trapped close enough to the Gulf that it’s able to siphon an endless supply of energy and moisture from exceptionally warm waters, which are also likely to have contributed to the storm’s rapid intensification last week.

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Unfortunately, some weather models are now showing that Harvey could drift back out to sea over the next few days, re- intensifying a bit before hammering the coastline again. According to Klotzbach, theclosest analog may be tropical storm Allison (2. Texas and Louisiana for several days, dropping over 4. Houston. That storm, which flooded more than 7. Harvey. Events like this always cause folks to ask about the connection between hurricanes and climate change.

The science is still evolving, and the answer is not simple—while theory suggests that higher sea surface temperatures will yield more intense storms, whether we’re actually seeing an uptick in cyclone intensity worldwide is unclear. The trend signal has not yet had time to rise above the background variability of natural processes,” according to a recent draft of the National Climate Assessment. Still, climate scientists generally agree that elevated sea surface and air temperatures play a role in intensifying storms, so it wouldn’t be a shock if future attribution studies linked features of Harvey to rising temperatures.

And storm surges—one of the most dangerous aspects of tropical cyclones in terms of life and property—are being made worse by sea level rise.

Mombasa - Wikipedia. An aerial view of Mombasa skyline at sunset from the old town. Mombasa (; Kenyan English: [mɔmˈbɑːsə]) is a city on the coast of Kenya. It is the country's second- largest city,[2] after the capital Nairobi, with an estimated population of about 1.

Its metropolitan region is the second largest in the country and has a population of approximately two million people.[2] Administratively, Mombasa is the county seat of Mombasa County. A regional cultural and economic hub, Mombasa has an extra- large port and an international airport, and is an important regional tourism centre. Located on the east coast of Kenya, in Mombasa County and the former Coast Province, Mombasa's situation on the Indian Ocean made it a historical trading centre,[3] and it has been controlled by many countries because of its strategic location. Description[edit]The city had a population of about 9.

It is located on Mombasa Island and sprawls to the surrounding mainlands. The island is separated from the mainland by two creeks: Tudor Creek and Kilindini Harbour. It is connected to the mainland to the north by the Nyali Bridge, to the south by the Likoni Ferry, and to the west by the Makupa Causeway, alongside which runs the Kenya- Uganda Railway. The port serves both Kenya and countries of the interior, linking them to the ocean. The city is served by Moi International Airport located in the northwest mainland suburb of Chaani.

Mombasa has a cosmopolitan population, with the Swahili people and Mijikenda predominant. Other communities include the Akamba and Taita. Bantus as well as a significant population of Luo and Luhya peoples from Western Kenya. The major religions practised in the city are Islam, Christianity and Hinduism.[6] Over the centuries, many immigrants and traders have settled in Mombasa, particularly from the Middle East, Somalia, and the Indian sub- continent, who came mainly as traders and skilled craftsmen. History[edit]. Kenya–Uganda railway near Mombasa, circa 1. The founding of Mombasa is associated with two rulers: Mwana Mkisi and Shehe Mvita. According to oral history and medieval commentaries, Shehe Mvita superseded the dynasty of Mwana Mkisi and established his own town on Mombasa Island.

Shehe Mvita is remembered as a Muslim of great learning and so is connected more directly with the present ideals of Swahili culture that people identify with Mombasa. The ancient history associated with Shehe Mvita and the founding of an urban settlement on Mombasa Island is still linked to present- day peoples living in Mombasa. The Thenashara Taifa (or Twelve Nations) Swahili lineages recount this ancient history today and are the keepers of local Swahili traditions. Even though today Mombasa is a very heterogeneous cultural mix, families associated with the Twelve Nations are still considered the original inhabitants of the city. Most of the early information on Mombasa comes from Portuguese chroniclers writing in the 1. In 1. 33. 1, the famous Moroccan scholar and traveller Ibn Battuta also visited the area during his travels to the Swahili Coast and made some mention of the city, although he only stayed one night. He noted that the people of Mombasa were Shãfi'i Muslims, "a religious people, trustworthy and righteous.

Their mosques are made of wood, expertly built."The exact founding date of the city is unknown, but it has a long history. Kenyan school history books place the founding of Mombasa as 9. A. D. It must have been already a prosperous trading town in the 1. Arab geographer Al Idrisi mentions it in 1. During the pre- modern period, Mombasa was an important centre for the trade in spices, gold, and ivory.

Its trade links reached as far as the Indian subcontinent and modern- day China and oral historians today can still recall this period of local history. History shows that there was trade links between Mombasa and Cholas of South India. Throughout the early modern period, Mombasa was a key node in the complex and far reaching Indian Ocean trading networks, its key exports then were ivory, millet, sesamum and coconuts.

In the late pre- colonial period (late 1. Mombasa became the major port city of pre- colonial Kenya in the Middle Ages and was used to trade with other African port cities, the Persian Empire, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent and China.[7] 1.

Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa claimed, "[Mombasa] is a place of great traffic and has a good harbour in which there are always moored small craft of many kinds and also great ships, both of which are bound from Sofala and others which come from Cambay and Melinde and others which sail to the island of Zanzibar."[8]Vasco da Gama was the first known European to visit Mombasa, receiving a chilly reception in 1. Two years later, the town was sacked by the Portuguese. In 1. 50. 2, the sultanate became independent from Kilwa Kisiwani and was renamed as Mvita (in Swahili) or Manbasa (Arabic). Portugal attacked the city again in 1. In 1. 58. 5 the Ottoman Turks led by Emir 'Ali Bey caused revolts in Mombasa against the Portuguese landlords; only Malindi remained loyal to Portugal. The Zimba overcame the towns of Sena and Tete on the Zambezi, and in 1.

Kilwa, killing 3,0. At Mombasa the Zimba slaughtered the Muslim inhabitants; but they were halted at Malindi by the Bantu- speaking Segeju and went home.

This stimulated the Portuguese to take over Mombasa a third time in 1. Fort Jesus to administer the region. Between Lake Malawi and the Zambezi mouth, Kalonga Mzura made an alliance with the Portuguese in 1. Zimba, who were led by chief Lundi.

After the building of Fort Jesus Mombasa was put by the Portuguese under the rule of members of the ruling family of Malindi. In 1. 63. 1 Dom Jeronimo the ruler of Mombasa slaughtered the Portuguese garrison in the city and defeated the relief force sent by the Portuguese. In 1. 63. 2 Dom Jeronimo left Mombasa and became a pirate. That year the Portuguese returned and established direct rule over Mombasa.[9]With the capture of Fort Jesus in 1. Sultanate of Oman, subordinate to the Omani rulers on the island of Unguja, prompting regular local rebellions. Oman appointed three consecutive Governors (Wali in Arabic, Liwali in Swahili): 1.

December 1. 69. 8 – December 1. Imam Sa'if ibn Sultan. December 1. 69. 8 – 1. Nasr ibn Abdallah al- Mazru'i. March 1. 72. 8: Shaykh Rumba.

Next, Mombasa returned to Portuguese rule by captain- major Álvaro Caetano de Melo Castro (1. March 1. 72. 8 – 2. September 1. 72. 9), then four new Omani Liwali until 1. Oman), as the first of its recorded Sultans: 1.

Ali ibn Uthman al- Mazru'i. Masud ibn Nasr al- Mazru'i. Abdallah ibn Muhammad al- Mazru'i. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al- Mazru'i (born 1. Abdallah ibn Ahmad al- Mazru'i (died 1. Sulayman ibn 'Ali al- Mazru'i. From 9 February 1.

July 1. 82. 6, there was a Britishprotectorate over Mombasa, represented by Governors. Omani rule was restored in 1. On 2. 4 June 1. 83. Said bin Sultan of Muscat and Oman. On 2. 5 May 1. 88. British East Africa Association, later the Imperial British East Africa Company. It soon became the capital of the British East Africa Protectorate and the sea terminal of the Uganda Railway, which was started in 1.

Many workers were brought in from British India to build the railway, and the city's fortunes revived. The Sultan of Zanzibar formally presented the town to the British in 1. Mombasa became the capital of the Protectorate of Kenya, sometime between 1. Kenya's capital was moved to Nairobi at around 1.

Nairobi has since been Kenya's capital to date.[1. On 2. 8 November 2. Israeli- owned beachfront Paradise Hotel, killing three Israelis and ten Kenyans. About 2. 0 minutes earlier, an unsuccessful attempt was made to shoot down an Arkia Israel Airlines. Boeing 7. 57 chartered tourist plane taking off from nearby Moi International Airport using surface- to- air missiles; nobody was hurt on the plane, which landed safely in Tel Aviv. The main suspect for both attacks is al Qaeda (see Kenyan hotel bombing).